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The 78 items of scale 8 were originally designed to identify people with schizophrenic or schizophrenic-like conditions. While the persons with low scores, tend to be cheerful, friendly, warm, relaxed, self-confident and alert. High scores on this scale means that the person is perfectionist, worrying, apprehensive and tense, and may have some superstitious fears as well. It covers the areas such as obsessions, compulsions, excessive doubts and unreasonable fears. The scale 7 consisting of 48 items was originally designed to measure the Psychasthenia syndrome.
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While the people with low scores on this scale are thought as quite balanced, self-centered, effectively in control of their emotions, and lacking a sense of conscience. The extremely high scorers of scale 6 show high suspiciousness, resentfulness, anger and brooding. It measures the areas of delusional beliefs, pervasive suspiciousness, ideas of reference, feelings of persecution, interpersonal rigidity, grandiose self-beliefs and narrow range of interests. This scale has 40 items and it was basically designed to identify persons with paranoid states or conditions. And the females with low scores tend to be emotional, tender, have a balanced view of gender-role behavior, competent, have aesthetic interests and are capable. While the females that score high are thought to be having masculine interests and activities. They lack originality and their interests might be narrow. The males with low scores tend to be impersonal and domineering. The males that score high on the scale 5 are mostly thought to be undemanding, shy, emotional, curious and creative with a wide range of intellectual interests. This scale was originally designed for the males who were have a problem with homosexual feelings and gender-identity confusion. While those who score below 45 show over-control, self-criticism, rigid and conventional behavior and over identifies with social status. Those with an extremely high score, can be aggressive or possibly assaultive as well. The person with a high score on these frequently has difficulties in their marital or professional life, problem with authorities, and bad tolerance to boredom. The aim behind this scale was to assess the general level of social adjustment. While the low scores might be consistent with narrow-minded, socially isolated, conventional, constricted and controlled people. The people that score high on scale 3 are likely to have specific functionally related somatic problems and they usually feel anxious or tense. This scale has 60 items and the main purpose behind this scale was to identify the patients of psychogenically based motor or sensory disorders.
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Moderately elevated scores on this scale suggest that the person has depression while if the person scores low on this scale, he is more likely to be optimistic, alert, cheerful, active and spontaneous. The scale 2 of MMPI consists of 60 items that cover the aspects of brooding, mental apathy, physical slowness, physical malfunctioning and subjective feelings of depression. On the contrary side, the people with low score show an absence of physical complaints and health-related concerns. People with a high score on this scale not only show concerns with illness and disease but also, they tend to be egocentric, immature, sour, pessimistic, passive-aggressive and whiny. This scale was originally designed to differentiate among Hypochondriacs and other types of psychiatric patients and it had 33 items. MMPI or Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory is basically a standardized questionnaire that helps us to get the quantitative measurement of a person’s behavior towards test taking and emotional adjustment with the help of a wide range of self-descriptions. MMPI was originally developed by Hathaway and McKinley in 1940, since then it has become the most widely used clinical personality inventory and it has more than 10,000 published research references.